11 Type of Cancer and Its Treatment

11 Type of Cancer and Its Treatment- Cancer is one of the major diseases of death in the world. Food is the main culprit causing cancer to grow in the human body. Cancer is one of the major diseases of death in the world. Food is the main cause of cancer growing in the human body. This disease costs a lot for treatment and surgery.

You must know 10 types of cancer so you can anticipate the symptoms of cancer. You can perform treatment rather than surgery.

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There are many types of cancers present in the human body. Based on 2005 estimates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End  Results (SEER) registry of the National Cancer Institute and American  Cancer Society, the most frequent types of cancer in men are (in  descending order) prostate, lung, colorectal, bladder, melanoma, lymphoma, kidney, leukemia, mouth and pharynx, and pancreas. In woman,  they are breast, lung, colorectal, uterine corpus, lymphoma, melanoma,  ovary, thyroid, bladder, and pancreas. For all cancers, including the  most common types (colon, breast, prostate, lung, and non-Hodgkin's  lymphoma), most cases occur in those who are age 65 years and older.

1. Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is a disease that presents mostly in elderly people  and in men more often than women. When bladder cancers are  superficial, they can be surgically removed using a special  instrument (cystoscope) that provides access to the bladder through  the normal urinary drainage system rather than through an operation that requires opening the abdomen. 

A cotreatment (called an adjuvant  treatment) with BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine instillations  into the bladder is often added. When the tumor penetrates into the  bladder muscle, the bladder must be resected or, if resection is not  possible, treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy.  If bladder cancer is metastatic (spread to other distant sites), chemotherapy is the treatment of choice.

2. Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. Most breast  cancers will be sporadic (not related to inheritance), and  approximately 5% to 10% are familial breast cancers. Familial breast cancers usually occur at an earlier age than do sporadic ones. Although any type of breast cancer can happen at any age, some  characteristics become more frequent with age. For example, a higher  proportion of breast cancers will be hormone receptor positive.  Normal breast cells have receptors for female hormones, estrogens  and progesterone, which help breasts to develop during adolescence  and pregnancy. When a breast cancer develops, its cells can either  keep or lose these receptors. 

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Hormone receptorpositive breast cancers tend to have a more indolent (slowly progressing) behavior.  Receptorpositive breast cancer can also be treated more effectively  with current cancer treatments. Another receptor, Her2, has become  important in breast cancer care recently. A smaller proportion of  breast cancer cases in older women overexpress the Her2 receptor.  The Her2 receptor is a receptor for a molecule called the epidermal  growth factor. Many normal body cells express some Her2, but cancer  cells can sometimes have more receptors than normal cells. When Her2  is overexpressed, the breast cancer is more aggressive but is also  more responsive to a specific cancer therapy.

3. Head and Neck Cancers

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The vast majority of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco and alcohol. However, some other risk factors, such as dust from exotic  woods or viruses (e.g., the Epstein–Barr virus), have been identified. In general, treatment consists of surgery with or  without radiation and/or chemotherapy. In certain cases, where  preservation of an important body part such as the larynx (voicebox)  is a priority, treatment with radiation and chemotherapy is provided  first and surgery is reserved in case of relapse.

4. Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is quite resistant to standard chemotherapy and  radiation therapy. Therefore, the treatment focuses heavily on surgery. If the cancer is only in the kidney, surgery can often provide a cure. When the disease has spread to a few places, surgery  can be done to resect these additional tumors (which frequently  develop in the lung) and improve survival. It has been shown that  even when the additional tumor areas cannot be removed, surgically removing the involved kidney improves prognosis. New therapies that  target specific proteins of the kidney cancer, such as sunitinib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus, are beginning to improve the prognosis of metastatic renal cancer.

5. Lung Cancer

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The vast majority of lung cancers are related to smoking. The effect  of smoking is cumulative; therefore, lung cancers tend to occur at  over 50 years of age. Many elderly are affected by lung cancer.

6. Melanoma

The primary treatment for melanoma is surgery. If the melanoma does  not penetrate deeply into the skin, it is curative most of the time. If the melanoma infiltrates deeply or has spread to the regional lymph nodes, interferon therapy can be given to decrease the risk of relapse. The doses required for optimal benefit are quite high,  however, and this treatment is often tolerated poorly by older people. Metastatic melanoma is very difficult to treat because it  does not respond well to currently available agents.

7. Ovarian Cancer

Outside of familial syndromes, the risk of ovarian cancer rises after  menopause up to approximately 80 years of age and then declines.  Ovarian cancer has a relatively stealthy behavior at the early and  most curable stages. If it is found at those stages, surgery followed by chemotherapy offers a good chance for a cure. Most of  the time, however, the disease is found at a more advanced stage,  when it has spread throughout the abdomen. The best prognosis is  achieved with an aggressive surgery that tries to take out as much  tumor as possible, followed by chemotherapy. A specialized surgeon  is preferred for this complex procedure. Although ovarian cancer is  very sensitive to chemotherapy, it has a high tendency to relapse at advanced stages.

8. Pancreatic Cancer

The behavior of pancreatic cancer is essentially the same in younger  and older adults. The vast majority of pancreatic cancers are called  adenocarcinomas. However, sometimes the cancer cell type is different, and the cancer is called a lymphoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, or a small cell cancer.

9. Prostate Cancer

Nearly every man who lives into his 80s will have prostate cancer.  However, this cancer is often very small and slow growing and might  never cause problems. It is often found in older people who have  died  of entirely unrelated causes.

10. Thyroid Cancer

The most frequent types of thyroid cancer are based on the type of cancer cell and are called papillary, follicular, medullary, and  anaplastic. Thyroid cancer has highly variable behavior. The key  prognostic factor is the level of tumor cell differentiation. A  well-differentiated tumor, even if metastatic, can grow very slowly  over many years, whereas a poorly differentiated cancer has an  aggressive behavior. The thyroid often develops nodules (lumps). Most nodules are not cancer and are considered to be benign; many of  these contain fluid. Solid nodules that are “cold” on a thyroid scan  because they do not take up labeled iodine as normal thyroid cells  do are suspicious and should always be biopsied. If the stage  (extent of spread) is limited, surgery is the cornerstone of  treatment. In case of relapse or metastatic disease, radioactive  iodine can often be used. Thyroid cancers as a group are poorly responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.

11. Cancer of the Uterus

Although cervical cancer has become rare in developed countries, endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus) is still  relatively frequent. The maximum risk of endometrial cancer is after  menopause. With annual pelvic examinations and attention to unusual vaginal bleeding, most endometrial cancers can be detected at an  early stage and are curable by hysterectomy (surgical removal of the  uterus). However, if the cancer penetrates deeply into the uterine  muscle or invades the lymph nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy, with or  without radiation therapy, is needed. Metastatic endometrial cancer  has some degree of response to chemotherapy.

That's 10 types of cancer that you must know, so you can anticipate the symptoms of cancer. You can do treatment rather than surgery